Additional tests that often accompany the spermogram are microbiological tests (especially when there are indications such as a strong odor, a large number of round cells, increased viscosity) in which the presence of aerobic and anaerobic microbes is checked. In case of a positive result, an antibiogram is included in the culture.
Microbiological testing also includes testing for ureaplasma, mycoplasma and chlamydia, using molecular methods (PCR). Biochemical testing is mainly indicated in cases of azoospermia, as it measures the levels of fructose, acid phosphatase and α-glucosidase in the semen.
Microbiological testing of semen is considered essential, as it identifies the presence of microbes that affect the basic parameters of semen. Identifying them leads to their immediate treatment.
Biochemical semen testing checks for possible dysfunction of the glands of the male reproductive system (seminal vesicles, prostate, epididymis) which may negatively affect the appearance of the semen. Especially in cases of azoospermia, examination of the glands is necessary to interpret the type of azoospermia (obstructive/non-obstructive)
